Romans 15

The question here is: do the following three (1,2,3) statements each form predicates or are the participle phrases (2,3) separate adverbials, composing the environment in which their kindness can take place. It is as if he teaches even as he praises. This seems to refer back to the discussion on eating foods and keeping of days. To act with 'kindness' in teaching.

en + Neuter Dative article + infinitive when,while Next Proposition: eis + Neuter Acc Article + infinitive Purpose Extended explication of πιστεύειν from TDNT

Rom 1:5; Rom 16:26 Inclusio

λέγω ⸀ γὰρ

For I tell you

⸀ Χριστὸν διάκονον ⸀ γεγενῆσθαι περιτομῆς ὑπὲρ ἀληθείας θεοῦ,

Christ became a servant to the circumcised concerning the truthfulness of God,

εἰς τὸ βεβαιῶσαι τὰς ἐπαγγελίας τῶν πατέρων,

in order to confirm the promises given to the patriarchs,

τὰ δὲ ἔθνη ὑπὲρ ἐλέους δοξάσαι τὸν θεόν·

but (also) in order that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy.

καθὼς γέγραπται·

As it is written,

Διὰ τοῦτο ἐξομολογήσομαί σοι ἐν ἔθνεσι, καὶ τῷ ὀνοματί σου ψαλῶ.

“Therefore I will praise you among the Gentiles, and sing to your name.”

ideaexplanation

καὶ πάλιν λέγει·

And again it is said,

Εὐφράνθητε, ἔθνη, μετὰ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ.

“Rejoice, O Gentiles, with his people.”

καὶ πάλιν·

And again,

Αἰνεῖτε, ⸂ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, τὸν κύριον ⸃ , καὶ ⸀ ἐπαινεσάτωσαν αὐτὸν πάντες οἱ λαοί.

“Praise the Lord, all you Gentiles, and let all the peoples extol him.”

καὶ πάλιν Ἠσαΐας λέγει·

And again Isaiah says,

Ἔσται ἡ ῥίζα τοῦ Ἰεσσαί, καὶ ὁ ἀνιστάμενος ἄρχειν ἐθνῶν· ἐπ’ αὐτῷ ἔθνη ἐλπιοῦσιν.

“The root of Jesse will come, even he who arises to rule the Gentiles; in him will the Gentiles hope.”

series

alternative

actionpurpose

generalspecific

ὁ δὲ θεὸς τῆς ἐλπίδος πληρώσαι ὑμᾶς πάσης χαρᾶς καὶ εἰρήνης

May the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace

ἐν τῷ πιστεύειν,

while you are trusting, obeying, fearing and hoping in Him,

actionresult

εἰς τὸ περισσεύειν ὑμᾶς ἐν τῇ ἐλπίδι ἐν δυνάμει πνεύματος ἁγίου.

so that you may abound in hope by the power of the Holy Spirit.

inference

Πέπεισμαι δέ, ἀδελφοί μου, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐγὼ περὶ ὑμῶν,

I myself am satisfied about you, my brothers,

ὅτι καὶ αὐτοὶ μεστοί ἐστε ἀγαθωσύνης,

that you yourselves are full of kindness,

πεπληρωμένοι ⸀ πάσης γνώσεως,

having been filled with all knowledge,

δυνάμενοι καὶ ⸀ ἀλλήλους νουθετεῖν.

even able to instruct one another.

progression

situationresponse

⸀ τολμηρότερον δὲ ἔγραψα ⸀ ὑμῖν ἀπὸ μέρους,

But on some points I have written to you very boldly

ὡς ἐπαναμιμνῄσκων ὑμᾶς,

by way of reminding you,

actionmanner

διὰ τὴν χάριν τὴν δοθεῖσάν μοι ⸀ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ

because of the grace given me by God

εἰς τὸ εἶναί με λειτουργὸν ⸂ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ ⸃ εἰς τὰ ἔθνη,

in order to be a minister of Christ Jesus to the Gentiles

ἱερουργοῦντα τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ θεοῦ,

in the priestly service of the gospel of God,

ἵνα γένηται ἡ προσφορὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν εὐπρόσδεκτος,

in order that the offering of the Gentiles may be acceptable,

ἡγιασμένη ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ.

sanctified by the Holy Spirit.

ground

concessive

ἔχω οὖν ⸀ τὴν καύχησιν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τὰ πρὸς τὸν θεόν·

In Christ Jesus, then, I have reason to be proud of my work for God.

οὐ γὰρ τολμήσω ⸂ τι λαλεῖν ⸃

For I will not venture to speak of anything(S)

ὧν οὐ κατειργάσατο Χριστὸς δι’ ἐμοῦ εἰς ὑπακοὴν ἐθνῶν, λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ,

except what(P) Christ has accomplished through me to bring the Gentiles to obedience—by word and deed,

ἐν δυνάμει σημείων καὶ τεράτων, ἐν δυνάμει ⸀ πνεύματος·

by the power of signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God—

ὥστε με ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλὴμ καὶ κύκλῳ μέχρι τοῦ Ἰλλυρικοῦ πεπληρωκέναι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ,

so that from Jerusalem and all the way around to Illyricum I have fulfilled the ministry of the gospel of Christ;

οὕτως δὲ ⸀ φιλοτιμούμενον εὐαγγελίζεσθαι

and thus I make it my ambition to preach the gospel,

οὐχ ὅπου ὠνομάσθη Χριστός,

not where Christ has already been named,

ἵνα μὴ ἐπ’ ἀλλότριον θεμέλιον οἰκοδομῶ,

lest I build on someone else’s foundation,

ἀλλὰ καθὼς γέγραπται·

but as it is written,

⸂ Οἷς οὐκ ἀνηγγέλη περὶ αὐτοῦ

“Those who have never been told of him

ὄψονται ⸃ ,

will see,

καὶ οἳ οὐκ ἀκηκόασιν

and those who have never heard

συνήσουσιν.

will understand.”

Parallelism

restate

Par

sbl

mine

discourse

Dia 15:8-21

scripturetext

components

Romans 15:8-21

vsnum

Romans 15:8

table

γὰρ

solid

drop

revrocket

equal

line

subjectverb

pred

λέγω

directobject

shelf

Χριστὸν

cword

vertical

infinitive

γεγενῆσθαι

διάκονον

prepphrase

pstack

περιτομῆς

ὑπὲρ

ἀληθείας

θεοῦ

dashed

free

line2

line1

Romans 15:9

smartline

line2

participle

εἰς

τὸ

rocketship

τὰ

ἔθνη

βεβαιῶσαι

τὰς

ἐπαγγελίας

τῶν

πατέρων

δοξάσαι

τὸν

θεόν

ὑπὲρ

ἐλέους

obtuse

γέγραπται

ἐξομολογήσομαί

indirectobj

σοι

ἐν

ἔθνεσι

ψαλῶ

τῷ

ὀνοματί

σου

καὶ

Διὰ

τοῦτο

λέγει

πάλιν

equals

ἔθνη

Εὐφράνθητε

μετὰ

τοῦ

λαοῦ

αὐτοῦ

(X)

πάλιν

Αἰνεῖτε

τὸν

κύριον

τὰ

ἔθνη

πάντα

ἐπαινεσάτωσαν

αὐτὸν

οἱ

λαοί

πάντες

καὶ

Ἠσαΐας

λέγει

πάλιν

dblrocketship

ἡ

ῥίζα

Ἔσται

τοῦ

Ἰεσσαί

ὁ

ἀνιστάμενος

quoteshelf

ἄρχειν

ἐθνῶν

καὶ

ἔθνη

ἐλπιοῦσιν

ἐπ’

αὐτῷ

καὶ

καθὼς

δὲ

ttext

Romans 15:13

δὲ

ὁ

θεὸς

πληρώσαι

τῆς

ἐλπίδος

ὑμᾶς

dblaccusative

πάσης

χαρᾶς

εἰρήνης

καὶ

ἐν

τῷ

πιστεύειν

εἰς

τὸ

ὑμᾶς

περισσεύειν

ἐν

τῇ

ἐλπίδι

ἐν

δυνάμει

πνεύματος

ἁγίου

line2

line1

Romans 15:14

δέ

ἀδελφοί

μου

line1

ἐγὼ

καὶ

αὐτὸς

Πέπεισμαι

περὶ

ὑμῶν

αὐτοὶ

καὶ

ἐστε

predicate

μεστοί

ἀγαθωσύνης

πεπληρωμένοι

δυνάμενοι

καὶ

γνώσεως

πάσης

νουθετεῖν

ἀλλήλους

ὅτι

line1

line2

Romans 15:15

δὲ

ἔγραψα

τολμηρότερον

ὑμῖν

ἀπὸ

μέρους

διὰ

τὴν

χάριν

τὴν

δοθεῖσάν

μοι

ὑπὸ

τοῦ

θεοῦ

εἰς

τὸ

με

εἶναί

λειτουργὸν

Χριστοῦ

Ἰησοῦ

εἰς

τὰ

ἔθνη

ἱερουργοῦντα

τὸ

εὐαγγέλιον

τοῦ

θεοῦ

ἡ

προσφορὰ

γένηται

εὐπρόσδεκτος

ἡγιασμένη

ἐν

πνεύματι

ἁγίῳ

τῶν

ἐθνῶν

ἵνα

ἐπαναμιμνῄσκων

ὑμᾶς

ὡς

line1

line2

Romans 15:16

Romans 15:17

οὖν

ἔχω

τὴν

καύχησιν

τὰ

πρὸς

τὸν

θεόν

ἐν

Χριστῷ

Ἰησοῦ

τολμήσω

οὐ

λαλεῖν

τι

γὰρ

line2

line1

Χριστὸς

κατειργάσατο

ὧν

οὐ

δι’

ἐμοῦ

εἰς

ὑπακοὴν

ἐθνῶν

λόγῳ

ἔργῳ

καὶ

ἐν

δυνάμει

σημείων

τεράτων

καὶ

ἐν

δυνάμει

πνεύματος

με

φιλοτιμούμενον

πεπληρωκέναι

τὸ

εὐαγγέλιον

τοῦ

Χριστοῦ

ἀπὸ

μέχρι

Ἰερουσαλὴμ

τοῦ

Ἰλλυρικοῦ

καὶ

κύκλῳ

εὐαγγελίζεσθαι

Χριστός

ὠνομάσθη

οἰκοδομῶ

μὴ

ἐπ’

θεμέλιον

ἀλλότριον

ἀλλὰ

καθὼς

ἵνα

οὐχ

ὅπου

δὲ

οὕτως

ὥστε

Romans 15:18

γέγραπται

ὄψονται

ἀνηγγέλη

οὐκ

Οἷς

περὶ

αὐτοῦ

συνήσουσιν

οἳ

ἀκηκόασιν

οὐκ

καὶ

line2

Romans 15:19

Romans 15:20

Romans 15:21

diagram

Comments

Matthew Carver

Randall, the way you have it now, are you seeing the quotations from 9b-12b as fulfilling the second purpose (9a) only, and not the first purpose (8c)?

Randall Rains

Yes. The δὲ in 9a is mildly adversative so ‘but…’. I think that is the structure of the argument even if we could argue logically that the two are connected. The Jewish misunderstanding that had developed since the time of Malachi was to focus on the promises as they pertained to themselves, hence the Judiaisers that plagued the churches that Paul had planted. I truly welcome the conversation. Thanks.

Matthew Carver

Randall, I welcome the conversation also. I do see what you mean and it is compelling. How would the argument, structured as you have it, fit in with the bigger argument of the previous chapter and half? ie. Since it seems that 8a begins indicating this entire passage is a Ground of chapter 14-15:1-7, how would this Ground the main point of those passages?

Randall Rains

If 15:7 is a summary verse about unity, not only between individuals but also between groups, then to define Christ’s ministry relative to Jew and then Gentile provides the ground for our unity.

Matthew Carver

So not having done a thorough study of this passage I feel all the holes in my thoughts, but what would be your argument against putting 8c and 9a under one arc perhaps as a Series, and then both 8c and 9a being the idea that is explained from 9b-12b. Though I haven't dived into each of the individual promises from 9b-12a in their OT context, it seems that they could be promises given to Jews that are inclusive of the Gentiles, rather than just promises to gentiles alone. If this were true it would fit with the context offering Ground for showing Jews that Gentiles were also included in their own promises together with them throughout the OT. Your thoughts?

Randall Rains

Two of the statements directly address the Gentiles - "Rejoice, O Gentiles..." & "PTL all you Gentiles...". Also, one way to test your theory is to read 8b/c skip 9a and evaluate whether 9b-12b being Ground sounds true. In my reading of it in that manner I don't see the Ground working, in fact, it doesn't seem to make sense at all. The scriptural references do not seem to apply to 8b/c. So, it would seem, they apply only to 9a, again arguing for the Alt relationship or something similar.

And again, the δὲ in 9a is mildly adversative setting it apart from 8c in some way.

I don't find the idea you propose unsupported in scripture and history but I think with the Arc we are trying to frame Paul's argument here in this letter, addressed to a specific audience. Given that criteria I still see the Alt relationship being supportable.

Matthew Carver

Good response Randall. I like your method of testing by leaving out 9a to see if it makes sense.

Randall Rains

I am translating through 1 Peter with some Brothers and we are working through this text 3:15 "...but in your hearts honor Christ the Lord as holy, always being prepared to make a defense to anyone who asks you for a reason for the hope that is in you; yet do it with gentleness and respect, 16 having a good conscience..." To have gracious conversation is a blessing.

Randall Rains

It seems that these two alternative purposes are expressed as each being fulfilled but in applying to different groups - Jews and Gentiles - they are alternate.

Rob Elphick

Hi Randall, I wanted to ask about the "A" connecting 8c and 9a. How are you seeing that work?

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