John 19.16b-30

16 m So he n delivered him over to them to be crucified. The Crucifixion So they took Jesus, 17 and o he went out, p bearing his own cross, to the place called The Place of a Skull, which in Aramaic is called Golgotha. 18 q There they crucified him, and with him two others, one on either side, and Jesus between them. 19 Pilate r also wrote an inscription and put it on the cross. It read, “Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews.” 20 Many of the Jews read this inscription, for s the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and it was written in Aramaic, in Latin, and in Greek. 21 So the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Do not write, ‘The King of the Jews,’ but rather, ‘This man said, I am King of the Jews.’” 22 Pilate answered, t “What I have written I have written.” 23 u When the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they took his garments and divided them into four parts, one part for each soldier; also his tunic. 1 But the tunic was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom, 24 so they said to one another, “Let us not tear it, but cast lots for it to see whose it shall be.” v This was to fulfill the Scripture which says, w “They divided my garments among them, and for my clothing they cast lots.” So the soldiers did these things, 25 x but standing by the cross of Jesus were his mother and his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene. 26 When Jesus saw his mother and y the disciple whom he loved standing nearby, he said to his mother, z “Woman, behold, your son!” 27 Then he said to the disciple, “Behold, your mother!” And from that hour the disciple took her to a his own home. The Death of Jesus 28 After this, Jesus, knowing that all was now b finished, said ( v to fulfill the Scripture), c “I thirst.” 29 A jar full of sour wine stood there, d so they put a sponge full of the sour wine on a hyssop branch and held it to his mouth. 30 When Jesus had received the sour wine, he said, e “It is finished,” and he bowed his head and f gave up his spirit.

John 19:16-30

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16 Τότε οὖν παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν αὐτοῖς ἵνα σταυρωθῇ. Παρέλαβον οὖν τὸν Ἰησοῦν, 17 καὶ βαστάζων ἑαυτῷ τὸν σταυρὸν ἐξῆλθεν εἰς τὸν λεγόμενον Κρανίου Τόπον, ὃ λέγεται Ἑβραϊστὶ Γολγοθα, 18 ὅπου αὐτὸν ἐσταύρωσαν, καὶ μετʼ αὐτοῦ ἄλλους δύο ἐντεῦθεν καὶ ἐντεῦθεν, μέσον δὲ τὸν Ἰησοῦν. 19 ἔγραψεν δὲ καὶ τίτλον ὁ Πιλᾶτος καὶ ἔθηκεν ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ• ἦν δὲ γεγραμμένον• Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων. 20 τοῦτον οὖν τὸν τίτλον πολλοὶ ἀνέγνωσαν τῶν Ἰουδαίων, ὅτι ἐγγὺς ἦν ὁ τόπος τῆς πόλεως ὅπου ἐσταυρώθη ὁ Ἰησοῦς• καὶ ἦν γεγραμμένον Ἑβραϊστί, Ῥωμαϊστί, Ἑλληνιστί. 21 ἔλεγον οὖν τῷ Πιλάτῳ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς τῶν Ἰουδαίων• μὴ γράφε• ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων, ἀλλʼ ὅτι ἐκεῖνος εἶπεν• βασιλεύς εἰμι τῶν Ἰουδαίων. 22 ἀπεκρίθη ὁ Πιλᾶτος• ὃ γέγραφα, γέγραφα. 23 Οἱ οὖν στρατιῶται, ὅτε ἐσταύρωσαν τὸν Ἰησοῦν, ἔλαβον τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐποίησαν τέσσαρα μέρη, ἑκάστῳ στρατιώτῃ μέρος, καὶ τὸν χιτῶνα. ἦν δὲ ὁ χιτὼν ἄραφος, ἐκ τῶν ἄνωθεν ὑφαντὸς διʼ ὅλου. 24 εἶπαν οὖν πρὸς ἀλλήλους• μὴ σχίσωμεν αὐτόν, ἀλλὰ λάχωμεν περὶ αὐτοῦ τίνος ἔσται• ἵνα ἡ γραφὴ πληρωθῇ [ἡ λέγουσα]• διεμερίσαντο τὰ ἱμάτιά μου ἑαυτοῖς καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν ἱματισμόν μου ἔβαλον κλῆρον. Οἱ μὲν οὖν στρατιῶται ταῦτα ἐποίησαν. 25 Εἱστήκεισαν δὲ παρὰ τῷ σταυρῷ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡ ἀδελφὴ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ, Μαρία ἡ τοῦ Κλωπᾶ καὶ Μαρία ἡ Μαγδαληνή. 26 Ἰησοῦς οὖν ἰδὼν τὴν μητέρα καὶ τὸν μαθητὴν παρεστῶτα ὃν ἠγάπα, λέγει τῇ μητρί• γύναι, ἴδε ὁ υἱός σου. 27 εἶτα λέγει τῷ μαθητῇ• ἴδε ἡ μήτηρ σου. καὶ ἀπʼ ἐκείνης τῆς ὥρας ἔλαβεν ὁ μαθητὴς αὐτὴν εἰς τὰ ἴδια. 28 Μετὰ τοῦτο εἰδὼς ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὅτι ἤδη πάντα τετέλεσται, ἵνα τελειωθῇ ἡ γραφή, λέγει• διψῶ. 29 σκεῦος ἔκειτο ὄξους μεστόν• σπόγγον οὖν μεστὸν τοῦ ὄξους ὑσσώπῳ περιθέντες προσήνεγκαν αὐτοῦ τῷ στόματι. 30 ὅτε οὖν ἔλαβεν τὸ ὄξος [ὁ] Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν• τετέλεσται, καὶ κλίνας τὴν κεφαλὴν παρέδωκεν τὸ πνεῦμα.

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Notes

' It is finished' Intro : Recap last week: the swap has happened, with Barabbas. The 'world' and its commitment to self-rule, has been demonstrated in the condemnation of Jesus. John uses the 'finished/completed/accomplished' word group a lot in this passage. 'Behold your King!'; what kind of a king is Jesus? A king numbered with transgressors, a king who reigns from his cross, a king who has completed all the work. 1. Jesus is crucified with rebels and proclaimed to all the world to be King (v16-22) Golgotha - likely near Church of the Holy Sepulchre Numbered with transgressors Irony again; Pilate's title means that the whole empire can see that this is a suffering King. 2. The Scriptures are fulfilled (v23-30) Significance of the garment, v23-24 Significance of his care for his mother (v25-27); from that 'hour'. Significance of the thirst, and the hyssop (v28-30). Psalm 69.21 ; Jesus, knowing that all things had been accomplished, in order to fulfil [the Scripture that says, 'they gave me vinegar for my thirst'], said, 'I thirst'. Hyssop cf Exodus 12.22. The drink is not the myrrh offered him on the way to the cross ( Mark 15.23 ), which was like a sedative. This 'wine vinegar' was cheap wine used by soldiers. Significance of 'it is finished' (tetelestai). We don't have an English word which fully maps to tetelestai. Finished, accomplished, completed, duty fulfilled entirely. God's glory. His promises will not be broken. He has provided the substitute - cf Isaac, and the Passover, etc. The glory of his relentless self-giving love in giving his Son. FCF . We all like sheep have gone astray. H1. Obvious rebels. Callous lack of concern at the cross by the soldiers. H2. Covert rebels. Goodness out there cannot cover badness in here. Jewish leaders still defending their own rightness at the cross - 'change what the sign says'. Person of Jesus. He is the true lamb without blemish. He is the true loving human. He is the suffering servant. He is the true King. The cross is his ironic enthronement. He reigns from his cross. Work of Jesus. He swaps; as the Barabbas swap anticipated. He is numbered with the transgressors. The word of God, the promises, not broken - as the garment symbolises. He thirsts, so that we might never. He is marked and sprinkled with hyssop as the true sacrifice. Union with Jesus. Invitation . Know the forgiveness of sins through faith in Jesus. Confrontation . Stop trying to save yourself, or pretend that you are righteous. Consolation . Not just that God makes it possible to be saved, but that he has saved us. The cross-shaped life is normal, since Jesus reigns from his cross. Wrap up: 'Behold your King!'; what kind of a king is Jesus? A king numbered with transgressors, a king who reigns from his cross, a king who has completed all the work.

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