Their disobedience has resulted in God's mercy towards us
Romans 10:14-21
Israel's deliberate disobedience of the gospel and God's response
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Published November 2nd, 2022; Updated November 2nd, 2022
Arc Rom 10:14-21
Diagram Rom 10:14-21
What is Paul's main Point?
Arc Rom 10:14-21
editing
NT
Romans 10:14-21
na28
esv
Πῶς οὖν ἐπικαλέσωνται εἰς ὃν οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν;
How then will they call on him in whom they have not believed?
πῶς δὲ πιστεύσωσιν οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν;
And how are they to believe in him u of whom they have never heard? 1
πῶς δὲ ἀκούσωσιν χωρὶς κηρύσσοντος;
And how are they to hear v without someone preaching?
πῶς δὲ κηρύξωσιν ἐὰν μὴ ἀποσταλῶσιν;
And how are they to preach unless they are sent?
progression
καθὼς γέγραπται• ὡς ὡραῖοι οἱ πόδες τῶν εὐαγγελιζομένων [τὰ] ἀγαθά.
As it is written, w “How beautiful are the feet of those who preach the good news!”
Ἀλλʼ οὐ πάντες ὑπήκουσαν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ.
But x they have not all obeyed the gospel.
Ἠσαΐας γὰρ λέγει• κύριε, τίς ἐπίστευσεν τῇ ἀκοῇ ἡμῶν;
For Isaiah says, y “Lord, who has believed what he has heard from us?”
ground
negativepositive
ἄρα ἡ πίστις ἐξ ἀκοῆς, ἡ δὲ ἀκοὴ διὰ ῥήματος Χριστοῦ.
So z faith comes from hearing, and hearing through the word of Christ.
ἀλλὰ λέγω, μὴ οὐκ ἤκουσαν;
But I ask, have they not heard?
μενοῦνγε• εἰς πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ἐξῆλθεν ὁ φθόγγος αὐτῶν καὶ εἰς τὰ πέρατα τῆς οἰκουμένης τὰ ῥήματα αὐτῶν.
Indeed they have, for a “Their voice has gone out b to all the earth, and their words to the ends of the world.”
questionanswer
ἀλλὰ λέγω, μὴ Ἰσραὴλ οὐκ ἔγνω;
But I ask, did Israel not understand?
πρῶτος Μωϋσῆς λέγει• ἐγὼ παραζηλώσω ὑμᾶς ἐπʼ οὐκ ἔθνει, ἐπʼ ἔθνει ἀσυνέτῳ παροργιῶ ὑμᾶς.
First Moses says, c “I will d make you jealous of those who are not a nation; with a e foolish nation I will make you angry.”
Ἠσαΐας δὲ ἀποτολμᾷ καὶ λέγει• εὑρέθην [ἐν] τοῖς ἐμὲ μὴ ζητοῦσιν, ἐμφανὴς ἐγενόμην τοῖς ἐμὲ μὴ ἐπερωτῶσιν.
Then Isaiah is so bold as to say, f “I have been found by those who did not seek me; I have shown myself to those who did not ask for me.”
series
πρὸς δὲ τὸν Ἰσραὴλ λέγει• ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν ἐξεπέτασα τὰς χεῖράς μου πρὸς λαὸν ἀπειθοῦντα καὶ ἀντιλέγοντα .
But of Israel he says, g “All day long I have held out my hands to a disobedient and contrary people.”
alternative
concessive
inference
na28
discourse
Diagram Rom 10:14-21
scripturetext
components
Romans 10:14-21
sbl
vsnum
Romans 10:14
table
οὖν
solid
drop
revrocket
equal
line
subjectverb
pred
ἐπικαλέσωνται
Πῶς
directobject
(him)
prepphrase
pstack
cword
εἰς
ὃν
ἐπίστευσαν
οὐκ
smartline
dashed
free
linemid
text
;
πιστεύσωσιν
πῶς
οὗ
ἤκουσαν
οὐκ
ttext
δὲ
;
δὲ
ἀκούσωσιν
πῶς
χωρὶς
κηρύσσοντος
δὲ
Romans 10:15
κηρύξωσιν
πῶς
ἀποσταλῶσιν
μὴ
rocketship
vertical
γέγραπται
shelf
ὡραῖοι
Ὡς
predicate
οἱ
πόδες
τῶν
participle
εὐαγγελιζομένων
τὰ
ἀγαθά
πάντες
ὑπήκουσαν
οὐ
τῷ
εὐαγγελίῳ
Ἠσαΐας
λέγει
τίς
ἐπίστευσεν
τῇ
ἀκοῇ
ἡμῶν
γὰρ
ἀλλ’
καθὼς
ἐὰν
;
Romans 10:16
Κύριε
Romans 10:17
ἄρα
bracket
line2
ἡ
πίστις
ἐξ
ἀκοῆς
ἡ
ἀκοὴ
διὰ
ῥήματος
Χριστοῦ
δὲ
λέγω
ἤκουσαν
οὐκ
Ἀλλὰ
;
μὴ
(
)
μενοῦνγε
τὰ
ῥήματα
αὐτῶν
τὰ
πέρατα
τῆς
οἰκουμένης
ὁ
φθόγγος
αὐτῶν
ἐξῆλθεν
Εἰς
πᾶσαν
τὴν
γῆν
καὶ
λέγω
Ἰσραὴλ
ἔγνω
οὐκ
μὴ
ἀλλὰ
;
Romans 10:20
Romans 10:21
Μωϋσῆς
πρῶτος
λέγει
παροργιῶ
ὑμᾶς
ἐπ’
ἔθνει
ἀσυνέτῳ
Ἐγὼ
παραζηλώσω
ὑμᾶς
ἐπ’
οὐκ
ἔθνει
Ἠσαΐας
ἀποτολμᾷ
λέγει
ἐγενόμην
ἐμφανὴς
τοῖς
ἐπερωτῶσιν
μὴ
ἐμὲ
Εὑρέθην
ἐν
τοῖς
ζητοῦσιν
μὴ
ἐμὲ
καὶ
δὲ
λέγει
πρὸς
τὸν
Ἰσραὴλ
ἐξεπέτασα
τὰς
χεῖράς
μου
τὴν
ἡμέραν
Ὅλην
πρὸς
λαὸν
ἀπειθοῦντα
ἀντιλέγοντα
καὶ
δὲ
The implied now here is masc singular, because the relative pronoun to which it is functioning as antecedent is accusative, masc singular. This is because in Greek, a pronoun agrees with its antecedent in gender and number
this is a substantival adjective, functioning as the subject
This is an objective genetive, describing who or what the word that is heard is about
diagram
notes
What is Paul's main Point?
Israel heard and understood the gospel but did not believe or obey and because of their disobedience, God has chosen to save the gentiles by the same gospel, in order to provoke Israel to envy and wrath. or God has chosen to save the gentiles by same gospel, in order to provoke Israel to envy and wrath, since they did not obey or believe the gospel having heard and understood the gospel.
Comments
Christian Giesbrecht
Disclaimer: The opinions and conclusions expressed on this page are those of the author and may or may not accord with the positions of Biblearc or Bethlehem College & Seminary.